DNS

The Builds and Projects features are NOT supported without DNS configured. Install with DNS to use all features.

Linode Domains

If you want to learn about how to use Linode DNS Manager read the following tutorial: Get started with DNS Manager.

When you create a domain in Linode, make sure to set the TTL of the SOA Record to 30 seconds:

Click on your domain.
Click on the tree dots on the right of the SOA Record and click edit.
Change the default TTL to 30 seconds.
Click Save.

Create a new Personal Access Token with Read/Write access for Domains:

Go to your profile on the top right.
Click on API Tokens.
Click on Create A Personal Access Token.
Add a Label.
Select the desired Expiry.
Select No Access for all.
Select Read/Write for Domains.
Click Create Token.
Copy your Personal Access Token.
Set environment variable for the token:

LINODE_TOKEN="<your-personal-access-token>"

Create the values.yaml file

Add the DNS configuration created in the previous step, the domainSuffix, domainFilters and email to the values.yaml file:

tee values.yaml<<EOF
cluster:
  name: $CLUSTER_NAME
  provider: custom
  domainSuffix: <your-domain>
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters: 
    - <your-domain>
  provider:
    linode:
      apiToken: $LINODE_TOKEN
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@<your-domain>
EOF

Akamai EdgeDNS

Follow these steps to use Akamai EdgeDNS, provided that you have a registered domain.

Note that the DNS entries can also be created using a CLI; however, creating the client and credentials requires to use the UI (or the API directly).

(Optional) Set up a group to manage the domain at the Akamai Control Center: ACCOUNT ADMIN > Identity & access > Tab "Groups"
(Once for all domains) It is highly recommended to have a role restricted to DNS administration. If not already present, go to the "Roles" tab in Akamai Control Center create a role with permissions "Enhanced DNS - All privileges (add/edit/view)".
Add a new zone in DNS SOLUTIONS > EdgeDNS.

Click on "Add zone" (top right).
(Optional) Select the group from step 1.
Set "Zone type": Primary
Enter the "Zone names", e.g. akamai.example.com
Click "Create zone"

Select "Add record sets" to create the default SOA and NS records.
Click "Review change list", then "Activate zone"
Go to the "Users and API Clients" tab in Akamai Control Center: ACCOUNT ADMIN > Identity & access, then select "Create API client"
Select Service account > Set API client options
Set name, description, and any other fields as needed.
"Select APIs": First "Reset API selection"; only set "DNS—Zone Record Management" to "READ-WRITE"; then "Submit"
"Select groups": For the group that was assigned to the domain in step 3, select the role from step 2 (or any other suitable existing role).
"Compare user permissions" if needed and check the box "I reviewed and acknowledge...", then "Create API client".
In the new API client details, go to the "Credentials" section and click "Create credential". The values generated for client_secret in this step will be visible only once. Either download or copy them directly into your values file. The values file should look similar to this, credentials to be replaced below:

cluster:
  name: $CLUSTER_NAME
  provider: custom
  domainSuffix: akamai.example.com
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters:
    - akamai.example.com
  provider:
    akamai:
      host: <host>
      accessToken: <access_token>
      clientToken: <client_token>
      clientSecret: <client_secret>
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@example.com

AWS Route53

Follow these steps to use AWS Route53:

Install AWS CLI
Register a domain and retrieve the Hosted zone ID
Create a dns-policy.json file for the policy and add the Zone ID:

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "route53:GetChange",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:route53:::change/*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets",
                "route53:ListResourceRecordSets"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:route53:::hostedzone/<your-zone-id>"
            ]
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "route53:ListHostedZonesByName",
                "route53:ListHostedZones"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "*"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Create the policy:

aws iam create-policy --policy-name "apl-dns" --policy-document file://dns-policy.json

export the policy ARN:

export POLICY_ARN=$(aws iam list-policies --query 'Policies[?PolicyName==`<policy-name>`].Arn' --output text)

Create a user:

USER=user-name
aws iam create-user --user-name $USER

Attach the user to the policy:

aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name $USER --policy-arn $POLICY_ARN

Create the access-key:

ACCESS_KEY=$(aws iam create-access-key --user-name $USER)

Get the secret-access-id and secret-access-key:

ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(echo $ACCESS_KEY | jq -r '.AccessKey.AccessKeyId')
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=$(echo $ACCESS_KEY | jq -r '.AccessKey.SecretAccessKey')

Create the values.yaml file

Get the API server endpoint. You can find the API server endpoint in the Details section of the cluster in the AWS console.
Add the DNS configuration created in the previous step, the API server endpoint, the domainSuffix, domainFilters, region and email to the values.yaml file:

tee values.yaml<<EOF
cluster:
  name: $CLUSTER_NAME
  provider: custom
  region: your-region
  apiName: api-server-endpoint
  domainSuffix: your-domain.com
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters:
    - your-domain.com
  provider:
    aws:
      credentials:
        secretKey: $ACCESS_KEY_ID
        accessKey: $ACCESS_KEY_SECRET
      region: your-region
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@your-domain.com
EOF

Azure DNS

Follow these steps to use Azure DNS:

Create a resource group:

$ az group create --name "MyDnsResourceGroup" --location $LOCATION

Create a Azure DNS zone for example.com:

$ az network dns zone create --resource-group "MyDnsResourceGroup" --name "example.com"

Substitute a domain you own for example.com if desired.

If using your own domain that was registered with a third-party domain registrar, you should point your domain's name servers to the values in the nameServers field from the JSON data returned by the az network dns zone create command. Please consult your registrar's documentation on how to do that.

Create a Service Principal

Create a Service Principal with a minimum access level of DNS Zone Contributor or Contributor to the DNS zone(s) and Reader to the resource group containing the Azure DNS zone(s).

$ DNS_NEW_SP_NAME="ExternalDnsServicePrincipal" # name of the service principal
$ AZURE_DNS_ZONE_RESOURCE_GROUP="MyDnsResourceGroup" # name of resource group where dns zone is hosted
$ AZURE_DNS_ZONE="example.com" # DNS zone name like example.com or sub.example.com

# Create the service principal
$ DNS_SP=$(az ad sp create-for-rbac --name $DNS_NEW_SP_NAME)
$ DNS_SP_APP_ID=$(echo $DNS_SP | jq -r '.appId')
$ DNS_SP_PASSWORD=$(echo $DNS_SP | jq -r '.password')

Grant access to Azure DNS zone for the service principal.

# fetch DNS id used to grant access to the service principal
DNS_ID=$(az network dns zone show --name $AZURE_DNS_ZONE \
 --resource-group $AZURE_DNS_ZONE_RESOURCE_GROUP --query "id" --output tsv)

# 1. as a reader to the resource group
$ az role assignment create --role "Reader" --assignee $DNS_SP_APP_ID --scope $DNS_ID

# 2. as a contributor to DNS Zone itself
$ az role assignment create --role "Contributor" --assignee $DNS_SP_APP_ID --scope $DNS_ID

Create the values.yaml file

tee values.yaml<<EOF
cluster:
  name: $CLUSTER_NAME
  provider: custom
  domainSuffix: azure.example.com
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters:
    - example.com
  provider:
    azure:
      resourceGroup: $AZURE_DNS_ZONE_RESOURCE_GROUP
      aadClientId: $DNS_SP_APP_ID
      aadClientSecret: $DNS_SP_PASSWORD
      tenantId: "$(az account show --query tenantId -o tsv)"
      subscriptionId: "$(az account show --query id -o tsv)"
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@example.com
EOF

Google Cloud Platform DNS

Follow these steps to use Google Cloud DNS:

Create a DNS zone which will contain the managed DNS records. If using your own domain that was registered with a third-party domain registrar, you should point your domain's name servers to the values under the nameServers key. Please consult your registrar's documentation on how to do that. This tutorial will use example domain of example.com.

gcloud dns managed-zones create "example-com" --dns-name "example.com." \
  --description "Automatically managed zone by kubernetes.io/external-dns"

Make a note of the nameservers that were assigned to your new zone.

gcloud dns record-sets list \
    --zone "example-com" --name "example.com." --type NS

Create a Google Service Account for use with static credentials

In this scenario, a new GSA (Google Service Account) is created that has access to the CloudDNS zone. The credentials for this GSA are saved and installed as a Kubernetes secret that will be used by ExternalDNS. This allows only containers that have access to the secret, such as ExternalDNS to update records on the Cloud DNS Zone.

DNS_SA_NAME="external-dns-sa"
DNS_SA_EMAIL="$DNS_SA_NAME@${GKE_PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com"

# create GSA used to access the Cloud DNS zone
gcloud iam service-accounts create $DNS_SA_NAME --display-name $DNS_SA_NAME

# assign google service account to dns.admin role in cloud-dns project
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $DNS_PROJECT_ID \
  --member serviceAccount:$DNS_SA_EMAIL --role "roles/dns.admin"

Create credentials

Generate static credentials from the ExternalDNS GSA:

# download static credentials
gcloud iam service-accounts keys create /local/path/to/credentials.json \
  --iam-account $DNS_SA_EMAIL

Get the contents of the credentials.json. Note that you don't need to create a Kubernetes secret.

cat /local/path/to/credentials.json

{
    "type": "service_account",
    "project_id": "xxx",
    "private_key_id": "xxx",
    "private_key": xxx,
    "client_email": "external-dns-sa@apl.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
    "client_id": "000000000000",
    "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
    "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
    "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
    "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/xxxx.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
}

Create the values.yaml file

tee values.yaml<<EOF
cluster:
  name: $CLUSTER_NAME
  provider: google
  domainSuffix: gcp.example.com
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters:
    - example.com
  provider:
    google:
      serviceAccountKey: |
        {
            "type": "service_account",
            "project_id": "xxx",
            "private_key_id": "xxx",
            "private_key": xxx,
            "client_email": "external-dns-sa@apl.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
            "client_id": "000000000000",
            "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
            "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
            "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
            "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/xxxx.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
        }
      project: $DNS_PROJECT_ID
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@example.com
EOF

DigitalOcean DNS

If you want to learn about how to use DigitalOcean's DNS service read the following tutorial series:

An Introduction to Managing DNS, and specifically How To Set Up a Host Name with DigitalOcean DNS

Create a new DNS zone where you want to create your records in. Let's use example.com as an example here.
Generate a new personal token by going to the API settings or follow How To Use the DigitalOcean API v2 if you need more information. Provide a name for the token and choose read and write access.

DO_TOKEN="<your-token>"

Create the values.yaml file

tee values.yaml<<EOF
cluster:
  name: $CLUSTER_NAME
  provider: custom
  domainSuffix: do.example.com
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters:
    - example.com
  provider:
    digitalocean:
      apiToken: $DO_TOKEN
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@example.com
EOF

Cloudflare DNS

Creating a Cloudflare DNS zone

We highly recommend to read this tutorial if you haven't used Cloudflare before:

Create a Cloudflare account and add a website

Creating Cloudflare Credentials

Snippet from Cloudflare - Getting Started:

Cloudflare's API exposes the entire Cloudflare infrastructure via a standardized programmatic interface. Using Cloudflare's API, you can do just about anything you can do on cloudflare.com via the customer dashboard.

The Cloudflare API is a RESTful API based on HTTPS requests and JSON responses. If you are registered with Cloudflare, you can obtain your API key from the bottom of the "My Account" page, found here: Go to My account.

When using API Token authentication, the token should be granted Zone Read, DNS Edit privileges, and access to All zones.

If you would like to further restrict the API permissions to a specific zone (or zones), you also need to use the --zone-id-filter so that the underlying API requests only access the zones that you explicitly specify, as opposed to accessing all zones.

Set the CF_API_TOKEN environment variable:

CF_API_TOKEN="Your Cloudflare API Token"

Create the values.yaml file

cluster:
  name: otomi
  provider: custom
  domainSuffix: linode.example.com
otomi:
  hasExternalDNS: true
dns:
  domainFilters:
    - example.com
  provider:
    cloudflare:
      apiToken: $CF_API_TOKEN
      proxied: false
apps:
  cert-manager:
    issuer: letsencrypt
    stage: production
    email: admin@example.com

Linode Domains​

Akamai EdgeDNS​

AWS Route53​

Azure DNS​

Google Cloud Platform DNS​

DigitalOcean DNS​

Cloudflare DNS​